Upper GI uses a real-time x-ray called fluoroscopy and a barium sulfate-based contrast material to conduct an investigation on the small intestine, esophagus, and stomach. When the GI tract is coated with barium, radiologists are able to study the anatomy and functioning of the affected part. It is helpful in diagnosing symptoms like pain, acid reflux, ulcers, tumors, blood in the stool, and more.